Battlefields
What changed on this trip?
Across 41 students who answered both before and after, reported outcomes improved from before to immediately after the Battlefields trip by +0.19 points on the four-point scale. The largest improvement was in learning and educational value, though not clearly separated from perspective and accomplishment. Most of the immediate change was still there 4 weeks after: +0.14 points among the 38 students who answered before and at follow-up, against +0.19 just after. Results varied between students. Change over time can have causes other than the trip.
What changed for students?
| Outcome domain | Change just after | Change 4 weeks after | Matched | Before | Just after | 4 weeks after |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Learning and educational value | +0.30+0.18 to +0.42 | +0.24+0.12 to +0.36 | 41 · 38 | 2.97 | 3.28 | 3.26 |
| Agency and self-management | +0.07−0.03 to +0.17 | +0.08−0.02 to +0.17 | 41 · 38 | 2.91 | 2.98 | 3.05 |
| Social connection and belonging | +0.13+0.03 to +0.24 | +0.09−0.04 to +0.22 | 41 · 38 | 3.02 | 3.16 | 3.14 |
| Perspective and accomplishment | +0.28+0.15 to +0.41 | +0.16+0.02 to +0.31 | 41 · 38 | 3.12 | 3.42 | 3.34 |
| Overall | +0.19+0.12 to +0.26 | +0.14+0.08 to +0.21 | 41 · 38 | 3.00 | 3.21 | 3.20 |
- Learning and educational valueChange just after+0.30+0.18 to +0.42Change 4 weeks after+0.24+0.12 to +0.36
- Agency and self-managementChange just after+0.07−0.03 to +0.17Change 4 weeks after+0.08−0.02 to +0.17
- Social connection and belongingChange just after+0.13+0.03 to +0.24Change 4 weeks after+0.09−0.04 to +0.22
- Perspective and accomplishmentChange just after+0.28+0.15 to +0.41Change 4 weeks after+0.16+0.02 to +0.31
- OverallChange just after+0.19+0.12 to +0.26Change 4 weeks after+0.14+0.08 to +0.21
- Changes are in points on the four-point scale, with the 95% interval under each, for students who answered before and at that wave: 41 just after and 38 at 4 weeks. The means are over everyone who answered each wave, so they can differ from the change.
Grey dot: before. Coloured dot: just after. Both are means over everyone who answered that wave. The figure beside each row is the change for students who answered both, as in the table, and the short line on the coloured dot is its 95% interval.
How answers were spread, light to dark from strongly disagree to strongly agree.
What changed on each question?
Single questions vary more than the domain scores above.
| Question | Change just after | Up · same · down | Change 4 weeks after | Matched |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Learning and educational value | ||||
| I want to learn more about new places and ideas.C01 | +0.39+0.22 to +0.56 | 17 · 23 · 1 | +0.05−0.18 to +0.28 | 41 · 38 |
| I listen well when I learn about new places or ideas.C02 | +0.22+0.01 to +0.42 | 14 · 22 · 5 | +0.26+0.03 to +0.50 | 41 · 38 |
| I ask questions when I want to know more.C13 | +0.05−0.16 to +0.26 | 10 · 23 · 8 | +0.26+0.01 to +0.51 | 41 · 38 |
| I can see how what I learn links to everyday life.C03 | +0.44+0.19 to +0.68 | 21 · 15 · 5 | +0.21−0.02 to +0.44 | 41 · 38 |
| I can explain what I have learned to someone else.C04 | +0.27+0.02 to +0.51 | 13 · 23 · 5 | +0.26+0.07 to +0.46 | 41 · 38 |
| I use what I learn in one place when I am somewhere else.C14 | +0.41+0.18 to +0.65 | 21 · 15 · 5 | +0.40+0.17 to +0.62 | 41 · 38 |
| Agency and self-management | ||||
| I can cope when things are new to me.C05 | +0.02−0.19 to +0.24 | 10 · 22 · 9 | +0.26+0.03 to +0.50 | 41 · 38 |
| When something is hard, I can work out what to do next.C06 | +0.02−0.20 to +0.25 | 9 · 23 · 9 | +0.03−0.20 to +0.25 | 41 · 38 |
| If I keep trying, I can do most things.C15 | +0.15−0.07 to +0.36 | 13 · 21 · 7 | +0.03−0.21 to +0.26 | 41 · 38 |
| I do my jobs without an adult reminding me.C07 | +0.22−0.06 to +0.50 | 13 · 20 · 8 | −0.10−0.32 to +0.11 | 41 · 38 |
| I get on with a task even when no one is watching.C16 | 0.00−0.22 to +0.22 | 8 · 24 · 9 | +0.08−0.17 to +0.33 | 41 · 38 |
| I can stay calm and wait when things take time.C17 | 0.00−0.22 to +0.22 | 10 · 21 · 10 | +0.18−0.02 to +0.38 | 41 · 38 |
| Social connection and belonging | ||||
| I feel that I belong in this class or group.C08 | +0.12−0.11 to +0.36 | 14 · 18 · 9 | +0.10−0.11 to +0.32 | 41 · 38 |
| I can work well with classmates I would not usually pick.C09 | 0.00−0.23 to +0.23 | 9 · 22 · 10 | +0.13−0.14 to +0.40 | 41 · 38 |
| There are people in my class I can count on.C18 | +0.07−0.14 to +0.29 | 11 · 22 · 8 | +0.05−0.19 to +0.29 | 41 · 38 |
| I try to understand people whose lives are different from mine.C10 | +0.17−0.04 to +0.38 | 13 · 22 · 6 | +0.05−0.18 to +0.28 | 41 · 38 |
| I listen to people even when I do not agree with them.C19 | +0.29+0.05 to +0.54 | 16 · 19 · 6 | +0.10−0.15 to +0.36 | 41 · 38 |
| Perspective and accomplishment | ||||
| I think about how what I do affects other people and the world.C11 | +0.49+0.24 to +0.73 | 19 · 19 · 3 | +0.18−0.04 to +0.41 | 41 · 38 |
| I feel proud when I get better at something hard.C12 | +0.05−0.22 to +0.32 | 12 · 20 · 9 | +0.16−0.04 to +0.35 | 41 · 38 |
| I feel good about myself most of the time.C20 | +0.32+0.14 to +0.50 | 13 · 27 · 1 | +0.10−0.16 to +0.37 | 41 · 38 |
| I keep going with something until I have got it done.C21 | +0.27+0.08 to +0.46 | 14 · 24 · 3 | +0.21−0.03 to +0.45 | 41 · 38 |
- Learning and educational value
- I want to learn more about new places and ideas. C01Change just after+0.39+0.22 to +0.56Change 4 weeks after+0.05−0.18 to +0.28
- I listen well when I learn about new places or ideas. C02Change just after+0.22+0.01 to +0.42Change 4 weeks after+0.26+0.03 to +0.50
- I ask questions when I want to know more. C13Change just after+0.05−0.16 to +0.26Change 4 weeks after+0.26+0.01 to +0.51
- I can see how what I learn links to everyday life. C03Change just after+0.44+0.19 to +0.68Change 4 weeks after+0.21−0.02 to +0.44
- I can explain what I have learned to someone else. C04Change just after+0.27+0.02 to +0.51Change 4 weeks after+0.26+0.07 to +0.46
- I use what I learn in one place when I am somewhere else. C14Change just after+0.41+0.18 to +0.65Change 4 weeks after+0.40+0.17 to +0.62
- Agency and self-management
- I can cope when things are new to me. C05Change just after+0.02−0.19 to +0.24Change 4 weeks after+0.26+0.03 to +0.50
- When something is hard, I can work out what to do next. C06Change just after+0.02−0.20 to +0.25Change 4 weeks after+0.03−0.20 to +0.25
- If I keep trying, I can do most things. C15Change just after+0.15−0.07 to +0.36Change 4 weeks after+0.03−0.21 to +0.26
- I do my jobs without an adult reminding me. C07Change just after+0.22−0.06 to +0.50Change 4 weeks after−0.10−0.32 to +0.11
- I get on with a task even when no one is watching. C16Change just after0.00−0.22 to +0.22Change 4 weeks after+0.08−0.17 to +0.33
- I can stay calm and wait when things take time. C17Change just after0.00−0.22 to +0.22Change 4 weeks after+0.18−0.02 to +0.38
- Social connection and belonging
- I feel that I belong in this class or group. C08Change just after+0.12−0.11 to +0.36Change 4 weeks after+0.10−0.11 to +0.32
- I can work well with classmates I would not usually pick. C09Change just after0.00−0.23 to +0.23Change 4 weeks after+0.13−0.14 to +0.40
- There are people in my class I can count on. C18Change just after+0.07−0.14 to +0.29Change 4 weeks after+0.05−0.19 to +0.29
- I try to understand people whose lives are different from mine. C10Change just after+0.17−0.04 to +0.38Change 4 weeks after+0.05−0.18 to +0.28
- I listen to people even when I do not agree with them. C19Change just after+0.29+0.05 to +0.54Change 4 weeks after+0.10−0.15 to +0.36
- Perspective and accomplishment
- I think about how what I do affects other people and the world. C11Change just after+0.49+0.24 to +0.73Change 4 weeks after+0.18−0.04 to +0.41
- I feel proud when I get better at something hard. C12Change just after+0.05−0.22 to +0.32Change 4 weeks after+0.16−0.04 to +0.35
- I feel good about myself most of the time. C20Change just after+0.32+0.14 to +0.50Change 4 weeks after+0.10−0.16 to +0.37
- I keep going with something until I have got it done. C21Change just after+0.27+0.08 to +0.46Change 4 weeks after+0.21−0.03 to +0.45
- Changes are in points on the four-point scale, with the 95% interval under each, for students who answered the question before and at that wave: 41 just after and 38 at 4 weeks. Up, same and down count them just after, by whole points. Each wave's means are in the section above, over everyone who answered it.
Did the change last?
Most of the immediate change was still there 4 weeks after: +0.14 points among the 38 students who answered before and at follow-up, against +0.19 just after.
95% interval for the change at follow-up +0.08 to +0.21.
How many students improved, and who did not?
Most students scored higher: of 41 students who answered both waves, 71% scored higher after the trip, 15% the same and 15% lower. Counting only movement larger than measurement error, 29% improved and none declined.
Share of students whose score fell (left) or rose (right) after the trip, counting any movement; the share that stayed the same is beside each row. Students who answered both waves: learning and educational value 41, agency and self-management 41, social connection and belonging 41, perspective and accomplishment 41, overall 41.
Half-point steps from −2 to +2; the black tick is the median. A student already at the top of the scale cannot register a gain.
Did change exceed that of students not travelling?
No comparison group for this trip. When students from another trip answer the same items on the same dates before they travel, or the class list marks students who are not going, their line appears here.
How well was the experience designed?
Autonomy and Group had the lowest ratings on this trip.
How the trip was run, rated by 46 students, days after the trip. Shared with the operator. The priorities below compare each dimension with the platform median where there is one, so a dimension rated low here can still be ahead of other trips.
Every question, as students read it
| Question | Mean | Students |
|---|---|---|
| PreparationBefore we left, I knew what we would be doing and why. | 3.4 | 46 |
| NoveltySomeone explained the new parts of the trip before they happened. | 3.1 | 46 |
| ChallengeThe activities made me try hard, but they were not too hard. | 3.0 | 46 |
| AutonomyThere were times when we made real choices ourselves. | 2.4 | 46 |
| EducatorThe adults in charge explained things clearly and listened to us. | 3.5 | 46 |
| ReflectionWe had time to think or talk about what we had done. | 3.2 | 46 |
| GroupI worked in small groups where everyone took part. | 2.9 | 46 |
| TransitionsMoving from one place to the next was calm and well organised. | 3.5 | 46 |
- PreparationBefore we left, I knew what we would be doing and why.Mean3.4Students46
- NoveltySomeone explained the new parts of the trip before they happened.Mean3.1Students46
- ChallengeThe activities made me try hard, but they were not too hard.Mean3.0Students46
- AutonomyThere were times when we made real choices ourselves.Mean2.4Students46
- EducatorThe adults in charge explained things clearly and listened to us.Mean3.5Students46
- ReflectionWe had time to think or talk about what we had done.Mean3.2Students46
- GroupI worked in small groups where everyone took part.Mean2.9Students46
- TransitionsMoving from one place to the next was calm and well organised.Mean3.5Students46
Priorities for the next curriculum-linked trip
- 1Design small-group tasks where everyone has a part.Group was relatively weak, at 2.9 across 46 students against a platform median of 3.4.
- 2Increase meaningful student choice.Autonomy was the lowest-rated dimension, at 2.4 across 46 students against a platform median of 2.7.
- 3Pitch activities so they stretch students without overwhelming them.Challenge was relatively weak, at 3.0 across 46 students against a platform median of 3.2.
Keep what is working: transitions, preparation, reflection, novelty. Transitions 3.5 against a platform median of 3.3, Preparation 3.4 against a platform median of 3.1, Reflection 3.2 against a platform median of 2.4, Novelty 3.1 against a platform median of 2.9.
- Set by fixed rules from the experience scores.
Who benefited: change by starting level
| Score before the trip | Students | Started at | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Below 2.71 | 13 | 2.41 | +0.27 |
| 2.71 to below 3.29 | 13 | 3.01 | +0.25 |
| 3.29 and above | 15 | 3.56 | +0.07 |
By sex, where the school recorded it
| Group | Students | Started at | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female | withheld | — | withheld |
| Male | 20 | 3.13 | +0.22 |
- Bands by score before the trip, split into thirds. Where many students share a score the bands are unequal, or one is empty; each is named by the scores it covers. Students who start low tend to rise and students who start high tend to fall whatever happens.
- 95% intervals: below 2.71 +0.10 to +0.44; 2.71 to below 3.29 +0.16 to +0.34; 3.29 and above −0.02 to +0.16.
- Sex was recorded for 39 of these 41 students. 95% intervals: male +0.14 to +0.30.
Data quality
- 49 of 54Before · complete
- 46 of 54Days after · complete
- 41 of 544 weeks after · complete
- Every figure is what students say about themselves. Definitions are on the methods page.
The statistics
Battlefields students' scores rose on two of the four outcome domains between the two waves.
On the two remaining domains there was no clear change. With 38 students matched across both waves, this trip can pick up small differences: a real change smaller than g = 0.20 would probably not show here.
- Learning and educational value. Moved up between the two waves. Clear enough to report.
- Agency and self-management. Points up, but this group is too small to tell it apart from normal variation.
- Social connection and belonging. Points up, but this group is too small to tell it apart from normal variation.
- Perspective and accomplishment. Moved up between the two waves. Clear enough to report.
Hedges' g with 95% intervals, change over time within the group, for students who answered both waves.
Dot: estimated change. Line: the 95% interval. Shaded band: changes smaller than this group could detect; a grey dot sits inside its band.
| Measure | Points | 95% interval | g | 95% interval | Up minus down | Matched n | Smallest detectable |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | +0.14 | +0.08 to +0.21 | +0.30 | +0.16 to +0.43 | +0.55 | 38 | g ≥ 0.20 |
| Learning and educational value | +0.24 | +0.12 to +0.36 | +0.43 | +0.21 to +0.65 | +0.42 | 38 | g ≥ 0.32 |
| Agency and self-management | +0.08 | −0.02 to +0.17 | +0.15 | −0.03 to +0.33 | +0.34 | 38 | g ≥ 0.26 |
| Social connection and belonging | +0.09 | −0.04 to +0.22 | +0.17 | −0.07 to +0.41 | +0.21 | 38 | g ≥ 0.35 |
| Perspective and accomplishment | +0.16 | +0.02 to +0.31 | +0.32 | +0.04 to +0.61 | +0.16 | 38 | g ≥ 0.41 |
- OverallPoints+0.1495% interval+0.08 to +0.21g+0.3095% interval+0.16 to +0.43Up minus down+0.55Matched n38Smallest detectableg ≥ 0.20
- Learning and educational valuePoints+0.2495% interval+0.12 to +0.36g+0.4395% interval+0.21 to +0.65Up minus down+0.42Matched n38Smallest detectableg ≥ 0.32
- Agency and self-managementPoints+0.0895% interval−0.02 to +0.17g+0.1595% interval−0.03 to +0.33Up minus down+0.34Matched n38Smallest detectableg ≥ 0.26
- Social connection and belongingPoints+0.0995% interval−0.04 to +0.22g+0.1795% interval−0.07 to +0.41Up minus down+0.21Matched n38Smallest detectableg ≥ 0.35
- Perspective and accomplishmentPoints+0.1695% interval+0.02 to +0.31g+0.3295% interval+0.04 to +0.61Up minus down+0.16Matched n38Smallest detectableg ≥ 0.41
Where an interval excludes zero, the change is larger than this group's normal variation. Where it includes zero, the change is unresolved. An interval lying wholly within ±0.10 is read as no change worth reporting, or, where it also excludes zero, as a change too small to matter. Up minus down is the share of students whose score rose less the share whose score fell; it has no size words. An estimate can clear zero and still sit inside the shaded band; treat that size as an upper bound.
Reliability of the scales
Cronbach’s α before the trip, beside each scale’s item count. Short scales cap α.
- Learning and educational value0.88 · 6 items
- Agency and self-management0.83 · 6 items
- Social connection and belonging0.81 · 5 items
- Perspective and accomplishment0.76 · 4 items
Change beyond measurement error
Per student, on the overall score.
- 24% improved
- 76% no reliable change
- 0% declined
n = 38 · α = 0.95 · a change counts beyond 0.30 scale points.
How each figure is calculated is on the methods page.